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Advanced parameters
•Average interval: Available selection is 1, 3 or 5. The number denotes how many depth increments will be used in order to produce averaged results. If 1 is selected there is no averaging on input data. The function used for averaging data is the simple running average algorithm so there is no volume reduction on the original data.
•Cone area ratio: The net area ratio for the cone (default value to 0.80). This value is used for the determination of the total cone resistance qt.
•Ic cut-off value: According to Robertson and Wride (1998) soils with a Soil Behavior Type Index (Ic) greater than 2.60 are characterized as clay-like soils and likely not susceptible to cyclic liquefaction. Data points (sounding points) that meet that criterion are excluded from the liquefaction calculation procedure. User may alter this value accordingly to engineering judgment and samples. Default value is 2.60.
•Limit analysis depth at: Experience has shown that 15 m (50-foot) depth may be adequate for the evaluation of liquefaction potential in most cases, however, there may be situations where this depth may not be sufficiently deep (from SP117). Hence, the software provides a user option to ignore any cyclic liquefaction below a user input depth, where 20 m (or 60 ft) is the default value if the user selects this option (check box checked).
•Default unit weight: This field holds the default value of soil unit weight that will be used for the determination of stresses. By clicking the small button next to the default unit weight box the user can input a table of soil unit weight values as a function of depth.
•Auto unit weight calculation: If checked the software will try to estimate the unit weight automatically. If not checked then it is assumed that the soil has a constant unit weight over depth, equal to the value entered in the Default gamma value field.
•Apply Kσ correction: If unchecked CLiq will not apply a correction due to overburden stresses. For Moss et al. method this option will make no difference as the calculation procedure assumes Kσ=1.00
•Auto transition layer detection: If checked the software will try to locate and eliminate (exclude from liquefaction calculation) points that belong to transition layers. Detailed information on this procedure can be found here.
•Remove loose sand criteria: For Robertson methods, when calculating grain characteristics factor Kc, if checked the software will not set Kc=1.00 when 1.64 < Ic < 2.36 and F < 0.5%
•Calculate dry sands settlements: When this option is checked the software will estimate vertical settlements due to the compaction of sand above GWT during earthquake based on Robertson & Shao, 2010.
•Cn limit value: For CPT points close to free ground surface normalized CPT resistance can get quite high so a limit on the stress normalization factor can be used. Default value from Youd et al. 2001 is 1.70
•Use factor of 2 in dry settle.: Dry sand settlements is estimated according to Pradel (1998) formula where a factor of 2.0 is used to take into account the multidirectional nature of earthquakes which may lead to large claculated values. Unchecking this option will result to less conservative calculated numbers.
•Use Custom CSR data: Custom CSR data can be imported to the software be clicking the button on the main toolbar. Notice that overburden correction factor will apply to the custom CSR data. Magnitude scaling factor will only apply if CSR data are not adjusted to Mw=7.50
•User FS: A custom safety factor that can be applied on the liquefaction FS calculated. In general it is recommended to leave this to the default value of 1.0. If a value FS > 1.0 is selected, the program will modify the CSR by a that factor (i.e. if FS = 1.2, the CSR will be increased by a factor of 1.2, resulting in a more conservative calculation).
•Weighting factor for ev: Cetin et al (2009) suggested a simple linear weighting factor that will weight the volumetric strain (ev) with depth. This reduces the impact of any volumetric strains at large depth. The weighting starts from 1.00 at the ground surface and equals to 0.00 at the weighting limit depth. Cetin et al 2009 suggested a depth limit of 18m, but can be user defined based on engineering judgment.
•Aging factor for CRR: Researchers (e.g. Arango et al 2000) have suggested that the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) increases with geologic age of the deposit. By selecting this feature, the calculated values of CRR7.5 are increased by the input factor (i.e. if the aging factor is 1.2, the CRR7.5 values are increased by a factor of 1.2).
•Nkt (Undrained shear strength factor): When the user has selected to include clay-like soils (under Assessment param.), this value of Nkt is used to estimate the peak undrained strength (Su) for the clay-like soils (i.e. soils with Ic > Ic cut-off) to calculate the CRR7.5 for cyclic softening.
•PL based volumetric strain: For every CPT point the software calculates the probability for liquefaction, if this option is checked then the volumetric strain calculated at each point is reduced by the portion of the estimated probability e.g. if PL=30% then volumetric strain will be ev*30%
•Kα (Static Shear Stress Correction Factor): Idriss and Boulanger (2008) showed that the CRR for cyclic softening of clay-like soils is reduced when there is an existing initial static shear stress present. When the user has selected to include clay-like soils (under Assessment param.), this value is applied as a reduction factor to the CRR7.5.
•Delta Ic: When vibrocompaction is carried out the horizontal stresses are often modified significantly resulting in a change in SBT Ic. The ‘delta Ic’ feature provides an option for the user to modify the Ic values to match pre-improvement conditions to better capture the grain characteristics (e.g. fines content).
•Soil above GWT can liquefy: The software will perform liquefaction assessment calculations for all CPT points below GWT during earthquake however there are cases where GWT during earthquake can be close to free surface and so saturation of the soil above can be very high, by checking this option the software will perform the calculations for all CPT points.
•Exclude clay-like from Su/σ'v: If enabled the software will plot liquified shear strength ratio data only for CPT points with Ic < Ic cut off value
•Stress exponent calculation: Each CPT-based method uses different methods to normalize the cone resistance as a function of vertical effective stress using a stress exponent. It is suggested to allow the software to use the recommended method based on the selected liquefaction assessment method. However, the user has the option to select either the Zhang et al (2002) or Robertson (2009) methods as an alternate normalization. The default is "Based on the selected method"
•MSF (Magnitude Scaling Factor): Although the software offers the flexibility to use any of the available MSF methods it is strongly recommended to use only the suggested MSF for each method. The default is "Based on the selected method".